Abstract
This research work presents an analysis of the process of an implant’s osseointegration to the jawbone tissue. The purpose of this work was to describe the processes of assimilation and the biochemical dynamics which occur during dental implantation using implants with different macro-microstructure surfaces at the level of stable free radicals using the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method. The experimental investigation was conducted on seven Vietnamese minipigs over twelve months old and weighing up to 30 kg using implants with various macro-microstructure surfaces (SLA, RBM, and HSTTM) and implantation systems, namely the Adin, Sunran, Biomed, and Osstem systems. The integration of the implant into the bone triggered biochemical processes with the formation of stable free radicals. The EPR method was used to identify the formed paramagnetic species and to study the dynamics of the interaction between the surface of the implant and the bone after one and two months. The concentration of carbonate surface centers increased with the time that the implant was connected to the hard tissue. The “Sunran” and “HSTTM” were established as the most suitable implantation system and surface type, respectively, thanks to the highest rate of osseointegration (assimilation) with the bone (hard) tissue. Thus, the EPR method provides the opportunity to study implantation processes.
Highlights
The essential growth of dental implantation procedures has led to interest in the study the mechanisms behind the integration of implants in bone tissues [1–3]
Since it is known that pure hydroxyapatite is paramagnetically silent, the observed signals can be attributed to native impurity centers in soft tissues and the organic components of bone tissue
The concentration of carbonate surface centers increases over time when the implant interacts with the bone
Summary
The essential growth of dental implantation procedures has led to interest in the study the mechanisms behind the integration of implants in bone tissues [1–3]. Osseointegration was first introduced by Professor Per-Ingvar Branemark [4] as the immediate structural and functional coupling of the bone and the surface of a supporting implant [5–8]. The degree of stability (biocompatibility and rejection) achieved during dental implantation and osseointegration depends on the morphological features of the jaw bone or implant (i.e., type of surface roughness, mineral phase density, chemical composition, etc.) [10–13]. One of the main reasons for osseointegration-related complications are differences between physico-chemical and structural properties of the injured bone tissue and those of the implant. This has already been confirmed by clinical and experimental studies [14–16]
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