Abstract
BackgroundLeprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Patients have distinct clinical forms, and the host´s immunological response regulate those manifestations. In this work, the presence of the myeloid-derived suppressor cell and the regulatory protein annexin A1 is described in patients with multibacillary leprosy and with type 1 and 2 reactions.MethodsPatients were submitted to skin biopsy for histopathological analysis to obtain a bacilloscopic index. Immunofluorescence was used to detect myeloid-derived suppressor cells and annexin A1.ResultsThe data demonstrated that the presence of granulocytic and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in leprosy patients. A high number of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells were observed in lepromatous leprosy and type 2 reactional patients. The presence of annexin A1 was observed in all myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In particular, the monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell in the lepromatous patients has higher levels of this protein when compared to the reactional patients. This data suggest that the higher expression of this protein may be related to regulatory response against a severe infection, contributing to anergic response. In type 1 reactional patients, the expression of annexin A1 was reduced.ConclusionsMyeloid-derived suppressor cell are present in leprosy patients and annexin A1 might be regulated the host response against Mycobacterium leprae.
Highlights
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae
Earlier studies have shown that immunoregulatory cells called myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous population of immature cells that exist as two main subtypes, the granulocytes (G-Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)), and da Silva et al BMC Infect Dis (2021) 21:1050 monocytes (M-MDSC), with potent immunosuppressant activity and may influence the outcome of infectious diseases [7, 8]
Eligible leprosy patients were diagnosed with tuberculoid (TT), borderline (BB), lepromatous (LL) and with type 1 reaction (T1R) and type 2 reaction (T2R) (n = 170) in the years between 2017 and 2019 in the clinic of infectious diseases at the University Hospital Júlio Müller (UHJM) in Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
Summary
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Transmission occurs by very close and prolonged coexistence with non-treated pauci or multibacillary leprosy patients [1, 2]. Patients have distinct clinical forms, affecting mainly the skin and the nerves, causing lesions resulting from inflammatory processes [3, 4]. Earlier studies have shown that immunoregulatory cells called myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous population of immature cells that exist as two main subtypes, the granulocytes (G-MDSC), and da Silva et al BMC Infect Dis (2021) 21:1050 monocytes (M-MDSC), with potent immunosuppressant activity and may influence the outcome of infectious diseases [7, 8]. MDSCs have been shown to be essential cells in counter-balancing inflammatory responses and pathogenesis during infections [13]. Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Patients have distinct clinical forms, and the hosts immunological response regulate those manifestations. The presence of the myeloid-derived suppressor cell and the regulatory protein annexin A1 is described in patients with multibacillary leprosy and with type 1 and 2 reactions
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