Abstract
The development of technology and the means of labour in the technological process of forest harvesting in FBiH mainly depends on the factors related to the specific manner of forest management. The dominant share of mixed tall forests with natural regeneration, the selective manner of management and rather difficult natural conditions have resulted in the application of the cut-to-length method and to a lesser extent, the tree-length and semi-tree-length methods. On the basis of expert classification of the development phases in forest harvesting, it can be noted that wood assortment production in FBiH is currently partially mechanised. With the aim of defining measures for increasing productivity, lowering the costs and a greater humanisation of work, there has been an analysis of the current state of the means of work in all three phases of forest harvesting. The analysis included the following parameters: number of means in different phases, the type, the average age, ownership and technical planned obsolescence. All the data were collected through a survey which included all stakeholders (cantonal forest companies and private contractors). The results showed a satisfactory state only when chainsaws are concerned, i.e. the rather cheap tools. Other equipment (adapted tractors, skidders, trucks, etc.) has largely reached planned obsolescence. Their old age results in a low level of utilisation, i.e. an insufficient amount of working hours per year which eventually leads to a decrease in productivity and increase in expenses. Based on the data, it can be concluded that it is necessary to begin the process of new mechanisation procurement and the replacement of existing, time-worn and technologically obsolete machines with new ones. At the same time, it is clear that, in the conditions of low availability of investment capital and cheap labour force, this has to be a gradual process. In relation with this, the process should start in the most expensive phase - timber extraction, i.e. the phase in which the economic efficiency is unquestionable.
Highlights
Forests have always been one of the most important resources of the planet
The following important conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the conditions of means of work in forest harvesting in FBiH for the year 2010:
A somewhat greater average age of specialized tractors owned by public companies can be explained by being the tractors remaining from previous production, but as is the case with private contractors, these tractors need replacement with new ones
Summary
Forests have always been one of the most important resources of the planet. With responsible forest management and harvesting, forests transform into a renewable source of unfailing economic worth; it is rather lucrative to manage forests wisely.Nowadays, forest harvesting in BiH is mainly done by human-machine work. Forests have always been one of the most important resources of the planet. With responsible forest management and harvesting, forests transform into a renewable source of unfailing economic worth; it is rather lucrative to manage forests wisely. Forest harvesting in BiH is mainly done by human-machine work. Cutting and production is done by chainsaws and the extraction is done with larger machines. The choice of labour technology presents a significant issue in the overall process.
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