Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved heat-shock response has been extensively studied as a model for transcriptional regulation. In eukaryotic cells, the regulation of heat-shock gene expression is mediated by a family of related proteins, the heat-shock transcription factors (HSFs) (, , , , , , , ). Smaller eukaryotes such as yeast and Drosophila melanogaster usually express single members of the HSF family (, , ), while larger eukaryotes express multiple HSFs. At least four HSF family members have been identified in vertebrate systems (, , , , ). Multiple HSFs may have arisen to allow expression of heat shock proteins under different conditions, such that divergent signaling pathways converge to result in the production of a common class of proteins, the heat-shock proteins.
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