Abstract
E-shaped electromagnets constitute one of the most common configurations favoured by designers of a.c. contactors and actuators. The main parts of such an electromagnet (Figure 1) are the core, the armature mounted on springs, the exciting coil and the shading rings. A current flow in the coil produces a force pulling the armature towards the core. This force has to be greater than resistance forces in a real device, tending to pull the armature away. In addition, at the instant of zero crossing of the sinusoidal exciting current, the resistance force may be greater than the minimum attractive force value, developed due to the shading ring currents. In this case chattering noise is produced. Therefore it is important for designers to investigate phenomena of the electromagnet in order to obtain the best correlation between characteristics of the resistance force and the time varying magnetic force.
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