Abstract
The dynamics of the numbers of larks inhabiting several areas differing in physical and geographical (landscape) conditions and the level of anthropogenic impact (pasture) on the natural environment is considered. Four key sites (“Akhmat”, “Zhdanov”, “Baiguzha”, and “Vetelki”) are located on the Priuzenskaya plain in the Aleksandrovo-Gaysky district of the Saratov region. The described territory is characterized by a high mosaicity of the facial structure of landscapes and, consequently, plant communities. This habitat diversity forms the structure of the communities as well as the population density of the individual lark species at the key sites surveyed. Our study of the dynamics of the numbers of species inhabiting the named key areas was carried out using calculations of logarithmic trends in the bird densities by the years of our study. In total, there were five species of larks (Alauda arvensis, Calandrella rufescens, Melanocorypha calandra, M. leucoptera, and M. yeltoniensis). As a result of our statistical processing of the obtained materials, significant differences were found in the dynamics of the numbers of individual lark species nesting in the key areas differing in landscape-ecological conditions and the level of anthropogenic load on ecosystems. In all likelihood, the dynamics of the density of the nesting lark population in the semi-desert of the Trans-Volga region is associated with both changes in the structure of habitats and, apparently, with the dynamics of the abundance of these species in the main part of their habitats, and with a number of other factors.
Highlights
The described territory is characterized by a high mosaicity of the facial structure of landscapes and, plant communities
This habitat diversity forms the structure of the communities as well as the population density of the individual lark species at the key sites surveyed
Our study of the dynamics of the numbers of species inhabiting the named key areas was carried out using calculations of logarithmic trends in the bird densities by the years of our study
Summary
Изучение динамики численности различных видов позвоночных является необходимым условием для создания научной основы сохранения биоразнообразия в целом. Часть работ по названной теме посвящена изучению влияния изменения интенсивности сельскохозяйственного производства на динамику численности степных видов птиц, в том числе и жаворонков. В настоящее время существуют несколько различных подходов к определению таких территорий, и ряд исследований показал, что результаты часто были неудовлетворительными, по крайней мере, в том, что касается сохранения биоразнообразия. Птиц часто используют в качестве индикаторов типов HNVF, важных для сохранения биоразнообразия (Campedelli et al, 2018). Микроповышения с солонцами осваивают чернополынные ассоциации, плоские и слабонаклонные поверхности равнин («микросклоны») со светло-каштановыми почвами характеризуют сизотипчаково-белополынные и сизотипчаково-ромашниково-белополынные сообщества, а в западинах с лугово-каштановыми почвами распространена разнотравно-злаковая растительность, в том числе с зарослями степных кустарников (Растительность..., 1936). По периферии лиманов формируется галофитная растительность на луговых солонцах (Макаров, Пичугина, 2015)
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