Analysis of the kinetic chain in asymptomatic individuals with and without scapular dyskinesis

Abstract

BackgroundThis study measured strength of the trunk and hip, and compared Y Balance Test and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test in individuals without and with scapular dyskinesis. Strength and endurance of the scapulothoracic muscles were also assessed. MethodsForty-four individuals without shoulder pain were divided in 2 groups: without scapular dyskinesis (age 26.00, SD 4.10 years) and scapular dyskinesis (age 23.68, SD 4.20 years). Scapular dyskinesis was assessed by clinical observation of the scapular motion during arm elevation, and was classified as present or absent. A handheld dynamometer was used to measure the isometric strength of the trunk flexors and lateral flexors, hip extensors and abductors, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, and latissimus dorsi. Y and Upper Quarter Y Balance Tests were performed with the individual in single-limb and 3-point plank position, respectively. Endurance of the scapulothoracic muscles was assessed with the individuals in prone with the arm at 135° abduction. Independent t-test and Mann-Witney test were used for comparison between groups. A P < 0.05 was considered significant. Effect sizes between groups were also calculated. FindingsNo differences (P > 0.05) were demonstrated between groups for all variables. Moderate effect size (d ~ 0.40) was found for the trunk flexors and hip extensors, and endurance of the scapulothoracic muscles, whereas the scapular dyskinesis group showed less strength and endurance in relation to the group without dyskinesis. InterpretationStrength of the trunk flexors and hip extensors, and endurance of the scapulothoracic muscles seem to have influence in scapular dyskinesis in non-athletes without shoulder pain.