Analysis of the influence of types of spatial structures of public gardens of the Orel city on the architectural and ecological sustainability of urbanized landscapes

Abstract

Introduction. A public garden or park improvement project should arise from a scientifically grounded study of the territory and proceed from the further development of this object. The aim of the study is to analyze the territory of public gardens in the city of Orel to determine the influence of types of spatial structures on the features of the functioning of a landscape object, to predict the stability of the studied landscape and to assess the dynamics of urban ecosystems based on the state of tree vegetation. Tasks: to analyze the placement and ratio of types of spatial structures on the objects under study; to make an aesthetic and sanitary-hygienic assessment of the landscape; to monitor the state of woody vegetation at the facilities.
 
 Materials and methods. For the development of scientifically based design of sustainable urban ecosystems and the reconstruction of urban objects of landscape architecture, a method is proposed for studying the territory of squares along the selected contours of types of spatial structures (TPS), which allows us to identify positive and negative factors affecting the development of design solutions. When analyzing the TPS of the investigated squares, satellite images of objects were used.
 
 Results. As studies of the type of spatial structure have shown, in most of the investigated squares, indoor TPS prevails; on average, this type of spatial structure is established on 41.8 % of the square of squares. The location of open and semi-open TPS is haphazard and random. The lowest aesthetic score was established for the closed TPS-21.9 points, which is due to the difficulty of identifying species points in such spaces, poor visibility, inhibition of the growth of not only trees, but also the ground vegetation cover, which in most cases is represented by a sparse grass stand with poor species diversity. When conducting a sanitary and hygienic assessment of various TPSs, it was found that a closed TPS also corresponds to the worst grade (2.5 class), which is associated with a decrease in the suitability for performing sanitary and hygienic functions in weakened and damaged plants.
 
 Conclusions. For the majority of public gardens in the city of Orel with a plant age close to the maximum in urban conditions, a closed type of spatial structure is characteristic. The closed type of spatial structure led to a decrease not only in attractiveness, but also in the performed sanitary and hygienic role of landscape architecture objects.