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Abstract
Zhalantun city is located in a severely cold region of China. The cold climate and long winter bring challenges to the energy-saving design of rural dwellings in this area, while the poor economic conditions restrict the application of energy-saving technology. This paper aims to propose an optimal combination of passive design parameters by investigating, testing, and analyzing simulations of Zhalantun rural dwellings, which have a particular architectural pattern. Field measurements during winter show that the indoor temperature of a traditional house is low and fluctuates greatly, and the inner surface is prone to easy condensation. Through thermal comfort surveys, neutral and acceptable temperature ranges were obtained to provide indoor calculation parameters for an energy-saving design. Numerical simulations of heating energy consumption were conducted on the typical building models using DesignBuilder. The influence of different design factors on energy consumption was evaluated. Orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize a series of design parameter combinations to reduce the energy consumption of Zhalantun rural houses and to determine the sequence and significance of the effect of these design factors on energy consumption. Results show that the optimal parameter combination based on orthogonal experiments can obviously reduce energy consumption and have better economic benefits without considering mechanical methods. This can provide a basis for improved energy-saving designs and indoor thermal environments in such rural dwellings.
Highlights
Building is one of the most important fields in which to address energy saving, emission reduction, and global climate change
With the development of urban and rural integration in China, rural residents’ requirements for their living environment are increasing. This brings about an energy problem: Energy consumption per unit area of a rural house increased from 2.80 kg/m2 in 2001 to 5.17 kg/m2 in 2014, a 1.8-times increase and an average annual growth of 4.8% [10]
Through analyzing the survey results and referring to relative studies [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33], we found that Sustthaienraebiliistys2t0il2l0,g1r2e,axtFpOoRtPeEnEtiRaRl EtoVIiEmWprove the indoor thermal environment and reduce building8 eonf e3r3gy consumption by adopting appropriate passive energy-saving measures
Summary
A number of studies have been carried out on energy-saving design strategies for rural residences to reduce energy consumption and enhance indoor thermal comfort by means of climate analysis, questionnaire investigation, field testing, and numerical simulation. Because of the different climates and building types, the design parameters that had the greatest impact on energy consumption were not identical; they were, respectively, windowpanes and forms of shading. Researchers have conducted many studies on rural house energy conservation, but different geographic and climatic characteristics, economic conditions, and thermal comfort requirements can produce large differences, leading to the adoption of different response measures. AAss sshhoowwnn iinn FFiigguurree 22aa,, tthhee llaayyoouutt ooff rruurraall ddwweelllliinnggss iinn ZZhhaallaannttuunn iiss ssccaatttteerreedd,, wwiitthh tthhee mmaaiinn bcbaonuundiillcddtrhiienntegegl,attyayypnopeduebttbeihsieenitgnhlagesyitnsohigurnletege-li-sesct-oostrhtmoyerpdytaehrtdrtaemecethe-aecncdohtmehtydoppuahesr,oetmwsu.sieTtenhsht.eatTnsythpareuve,cestrwtuarrugiatcehltfbuoaurnraimlldafvoionfergrmmaagorseoetafbhomuofiuol6dss0eitnsmhgiso2a.burrRseieceaskst–oircsfioc6btne0rcdircmekbte2–y., Rtheestfraircmteedrsb’ yawthaerenfaersms eorfse' naewrgayrecnoenssserovfateinoenrganydceocnosneorvmaitciofnactaonrds, tehceonthoemrmicaflapcetorfros,rmthaencteheorfmthael pwbdeuiisrtithflrdoitrbihnmuegtaetnehdnciceovkveonelfoerstp3hse7ed0iisb–s6utpr2ioil0bdoumirn.tmegMd,eooanmvrveeeortlnoh3gpa7ne0w–i9h6s02ipc%0homoo3rf7m.0tM,hmaeommereoxwtntehgaranlwlna(hlU9iw0c-h%vaal3llo7suf0eatmrh=eem1se.o5wxl8itdaeWlrlbn/(ramUilc2-kwv·K,aaw)llulasietchac=rot1euh.5nseo8ttslhWifdioc/rbmkr7n2i2·ecK%sks),, aacncdouonntlys f2o9r%72h%a,vaenadtohnerlym2a9l%inhsuavlaetiaotnhlearymear.l Einxstuelrantaiol nwlianydeorw. The arrangement of the radiator is flexible, and the indoor temperature distribution is more even
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