Abstract
We suggest a new approach to the analysis of the processes of deformation and fracture in solids and flows of liquid in smooth tubes. It is based on the theory of phase transitions. For the processes of deformation and fracture under the conditions of fatigue, creep, and impact loading and for flows of liquids in smooth tubes, we determine the fundamental characteristics of phase transitions (order parameters and critical exponents). The power-law dependences established for fracture processes may be useful for the evaluation of the residual service life of materials and structures in the stage which precedes the appearance of critical damage or macrocracks of critical length. The outlined approach and the estimates of critical exponents obtained as a result of its application enable one to compare the regularities of phase transitions in different media.
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