Abstract
In the municipal and residential sector in Poland, as many as 50% of households are heated by solid fuel boilers. Most often these are, unfortunately, inefficient boilers, fired with low-quality coal. This study characterizes the market of boilers for solid fuels in Poland, and also presents the main apportionment of these devices, due to the different criteria that characterize them. The current legal changes in the scope of energy and emission requirements for solid fuel boilers are also discussed. The main purpose of this work is to analyze the real efficiency of the solid fuel over-fired boiler used, depending on the fuel burned in it. The process of burning selected fuels (seasoned wood, coal and pea coal) in the boiler was preceded by tests of these fuels to determine their energy parameters, such as moisture, ash content, the share of volatile matter and calorific value. In the next step, the energy efficiency obtained by the tested solid fuel boiler during the combustion of selected solid fuels was compared. The highest efficiency was achieved during the combustion of pea coal, and the lowest was achieved during the combustion of wood. In any case, the nominal efficiency value was achieved. Solutions that could improve the quality of the combustion process in this type of boiler were proposed.
Highlights
Single-family housing is a dynamically developing sector of housing in Poland
According to the boiler manufacturer, the nominal efficiency which should be achieved during coal combustion in laboratory conditions is 78%
The result is that the volatile matter contained in the fuel are not completely burned
Summary
Single-family housing is a dynamically developing sector of housing in Poland. Choosing fuel for heating is one of the most important decisions to take. A major problem is the phenomenon of low stack emissions, i.e. products of burning solid, liquid and gaseous fuels into the atmosphere from emission sources (emitters) located at an altitude of no more than 40 m [1]. This leads to the introduction of such technical solutions, supported by legal requirements, which will significantly reduce the emissions from the municipal and housing sector. Households still have outdated heating systems, the main element of which are low-efficiency, manual feed, solid fuel boilers
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