Analysis of the efficacy of left subclavian artery laser in situ fenestration combined with hybrid arch debranching surgery for aortic arch reconstruction in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection

Abstract

Objective: To observe the short-and mid-term efficacy of left subclavian artery(LSA) laser in situ fenestration combined with arch debranching surgery for aortic arch reconstruction in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection aged 60 years and above. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. A total of 41 Stanford type A aortic dissection patients aged 60 years and above who received combined surgery in Department of Endovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 25 males and 16 females, aged (67.3±5.9)years(range: 60 to 75 years). Among them, 19 patients underwent LSA laser in situ fenestration combined with arch debranching surgery(combined surgery group) and 22 patients underwent hybrid aortic arch debranching surgery(non-combined surgery group). Independent sample t test, χ2 test and Fisher exact probability method were used to compare the clinical characteristics of the two groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and the 5-year survival rate of the two groups was compared by Log-rank test. Results: Body mass index in the combined operation group was significantly higher than that in the non-combined operation group ((27.1±1.6)kg/m2 vs.(26.9±1.9)kg/m2; t=2.766,P=0.006), and the difference was statistically significant. There was no statistical significance in the comparison of other general data (all P>0.05). The operation time ((321.3±11.4) minutes vs. (329.6±7.3)minutes; t=-2.733, P=0.010) and LSA reconstruction time ((32.4±3.0)minutes vs. (42.4±6.0)minutes; t=-6.842, P<0.01) in the combined operation group were significantly shortened, and the difference was statistically significant. The rate of LSA reconstruction in the combined operation group (100% vs. 72.7%; P=0.023) was significantly higher than that in the non-combined operation group, and the difference was statistically significant. There were no significant differences in the incidence of pulmonary infection, unplanned second operation, continuous renal replacement therapy, neurological complications and the in-hospital mortality between the two groups. Compared with the non-combined surgery group, the total complication rate related to LSA reconstruction was significantly lower in the combined surgery group (0 vs. 27.3%; P=0.023). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there was no difference in 5-year survival rate between the combined operation group and the non-combined operation group (84.2% vs. 77.3%; χ2=0.310, P=0.578). Conclusion: Laser in situ fenestration of the LSA combined with arch debranching surgery to reconstruct the aortic arch can significantly shorten the operation and LSA reconstruction time in patients aged 60 years and above with Stanford type A aortic dissection, improve the success rate of LSA reconstruction, and reduce the occurrence rate of LSA reconstruction complications.