Abstract
In the process of urbanization, high-intensity human activities have seriously disturbed the river networks, especially in the core urban areas of large cities. At present, a series of urban water environmental problems, such as urban waterlogging and non-point pollution, caused by damage to the river network structure and the decrease in surface permeability conditions in high-density urban areas have received widespread attention. In this study, the effects of the river network structure and urbanization on urban waterlogging were analyzed in the Pudong New Area by using the data of waterlogging sites on the Amap. The results showed that the average water surface ratio is 10.9%, the average river network density is 4.59 km/km2, and the comprehensive impervious ratio is 42.8%. From northwest to southeast, the impervious ratio of the Pudong New Area decreases gradually, and the water surface ratio and the river density increase gradually, while the areas with high waterlogging density are mainly concentrated in the northwest districts. The correlation coefficients indicate that the river network structure (−0.710 and −0.716) has a greater impact on waterlogging than urbanization (0.608) does. The current water surface ratio (10.9%) of the study area generally meets the requirements of the suitable water surface ratio (10.0%) in a rainfall return period of 50 years. However, the water surface ratio and the river density in about half of the districts did not meet the requirements of the suitable river network structure.
Highlights
Rapid urbanization increases the area of impervious surfaces, a major factor that affects urban hydrologic processes through increased surface runoff volume, increased runoff velocity, decreased time of concentration and decreased groundwater recharge [1,2,3,4]
The generation of excess direct runoff and increasing urban flooding occurs as a result of changes to the urban microhydrological process and the insufficient capacity of urban drainage systems
Urban flooding has become a serious threat to the sustainable development of cities undergoing rapid urbanization, especially in China [8]
Summary
Rapid urbanization increases the area of impervious surfaces, a major factor that affects urban hydrologic processes through increased surface runoff volume, increased runoff velocity, decreased time of concentration and decreased groundwater recharge [1,2,3,4]. The generation of excess direct runoff and increasing urban flooding occurs as a result of changes to the urban microhydrological process and the insufficient capacity of urban drainage systems. Large volumes of direct runoff generally increase the frequency and severity of flooding, resulting in social and environmental issues, including traffic interruption, property loss, water pollution and disease [6,7]. Urban flooding has become a serious threat to the sustainable development of cities undergoing rapid urbanization, especially in China [8].
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