Abstract
The exposure of isolated chick embryo hearts to 2.45 GHz pulse modulated microwaves has identified certain phenomena: (1) when the heartbeat was irregular, an appropriate pulse repetition rate caused regularization; (2) during regular beating, an increase of pulse repetition rate similarly increased the heartbeat frequency, until an irregular heartbeat appeared; (3) by applying microwaves, when an arrhythmia occurs, a regular beat appeared after a few seconds. Time correlation between the heartbeat and the modulating pulses revealed that regularization occurs when the modulation pulses, at a frequency close to the natural unperturbed heartbeat, were applied in the ventricular diastolic phase. These results suggest that modulated microwaves can modify the heartbeat acting on the membrane current due to calcium ion conductance. Using the Noble and Noble model for sinus-atrial node cells, we simulated the effects of microwaves on the electrical activity of the heart, modifying the calcium-dependent currents. The regularization and synchronization phenomena were simulated, obtaining numerical results in reasonable agreement to experimental values.
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