Abstract
Air pollution, such as particulate matter (PM), and extreme weather are causing increasingly complex problems and socioeconomic damage in urban environments year-round. This study predicts extreme weather and air pollution changes that occur in urban street canyons as the basic data necessary for research on energy conservation. Changes in PM and microclimate elements based on the change in floor area ratio are analyzed. In addition, the effects of microclimate elements on the distribution of PM factors are examined. Based on the change in floor area ratio, high-concentration PM was negatively correlated with PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, NOx, Ta, Tmrt, and Tsurface. Extreme heat was observed to be negatively correlated with Tmrt and Tsurface, and extreme cold negatively correlated with PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOx. The higher the floor area ratio, the higher the wind speed (WS), indicating a positive correlation between the two factors. Ta, Tmrt, and Tsurface were observed to be negatively correlated with PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOx. WS showed negative correlations with PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOx. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the derivation of evaluation indices and to determine prediction and response strategies with respect to a combination of extreme weather and air pollution to ensure a suitable and sustainable quality of life. This study helps predict energy loads according to urban street canyon structures and examines whether trees and green walls are effective in reducing extreme weather and air pollution and saving energy.
Highlights
In Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, patterns and differences during the wet and dry seasons as well as during the day and night in a coastal city were studied by examining the correlations between air pollutants and weather parameters
Results were deduced after extreme temperature conditions and periods of high concentration of fine dust with high air pollution level were selected as the analysis periods
SPSS V18 statistical analysis program was used to identify the correlation between the floor space index and microclimate factors (Ta, Tmrt, Tsurface, and wind speed (WS)) and fine dust factors (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, and NOx )
Summary
Extreme heat and cold, which are long-term effects of climate change, occur frequently. Global damage from frequent floods, droughts, and increasingly powerful cyclones is increasing. Increasing populations in cities are worsening climate change phenomena such as air pollution and urban heat islands. Accelerated urbanization, extreme weather, and air pollution have adverse effects on people’s health [1]. Owing to health concerns such as thermal and respiratory diseases and allergies, an increasing number of people are becoming vulnerable to climate change and socioeconomic damage [3]. Due to their population concentration, high-density cities continuously increase impermeable areas, green areas, and artificial heat. Because various weather factors caused by climate change have complex effects on the urban environment, an integrated review and urban planning management considering the complexity of climate change effects are required
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