Analysis of the effect of n-heptane and organic based manganese addition to biodiesel on engine performance and emission characteristics

Abstract

In this study, experiments were carried out in two stages. In the first stage, n-heptane (in 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20% volumes) was added to biodiesel (C0) which was produced from refined cottonseed oil via the transesterification method. The optimal n-heptane ratio was determined to be 8% in volume as a result of engine experiments. In CH8 fuel compared to C0 fuel, there was a 7.52% increase in brake power, 7.84% in engine torque, 2.57% in brake thermal efficiency, and 3.08% decrease in brake specific fuel consumption. When n-heptane additive fuels were analyzed, it was observed that the cylinder pressure in CH8 fuel were higher in all loading cases. The minimum ignition delay at full load was 12.88 oCA in CH8 fuel. When the exhaust emission was analyzed, in n-heptane added fuels compared to C0 fuel in CH8 fuels, there was a 29.99% decrease in CO emissions and a 3.16% decrease in THC emissions. In NOX emissions, there was a 1.18% increase in CH8 fuel and a 1.19% increase in smoke emissions. As a result of the analysis of engine performance and the experimental data regarding emission characteristics, the optimal n-heptane additive fuel was determined to be CH8 fuel. In the second phase of the experiment, an organic based manganese addition (4 ppm, 8 ppm, 12ppm, and 16 ppm) was added to 8% n-heptane additive (CH8) fuel. The optimal experiment results were obtained at a ratio of 12 ppm organic based manganese additive. Compared to CH8 fuel, in CH8Mn12 fuel, brake power increased by 3.42%, engine torque by 7.12%, and brake thermal efficiency by 5.35% while brake-specific fuel consumption decreased by 5.91%. In the evaluation of exhaust emissions, in CH8Mn12 fuel compared to CH8 fuel there was an 8.28% decrease in CO emissions, a 5.54% decrease in THC emissions, and a 3.67% decrease in smoke emissions while there was a 10.67% increase in NOX emissions. Depending on its properties, the additive reacted directly with carbon atoms and caused a serious reduction in emissions.