Abstract
Incentives, such as the Feed-in-tariff are expected to lead to continuous increase in the deployment of Small Scale Embedded Generation (SSEG) in the distribution network. Self-Excited Induction Generators (SEIG) represent a significant segment of potential SSEG. The quality of SEIG output voltage magnitude and frequency is investigated in this paper to support the SEIG operation for different network operating conditions. The dynamic behaviour of the SEIG resulting from disconnection, reconnection from/to the grid and potential operation in islanding mode is studied in detail. The local load and reactive power supply are the key factors that determine the SEIG performance, as they have significant influence on the voltage and frequency change after disconnection from the grid. Hence, the aim of this work is to identify the optimum combination of the reactive power supply (essential for self excitation of the SEIG) and the active load (essential for balancing power generation and demand). This is required in order to support the SEIG operation after disconnection from the grid, during islanding and reconnection to the grid. The results show that the generator voltage and speed (frequency) can be controlled and maintained within the statuary limits. This will enable safe disconnection and reconnection of the SEIG from/to the grid and makes it easier to operate in islanding mode.
Highlights
World energy use increased more than tenfold over the 20th century, predominately from fossil fuels and this is estimated to increase by 60% by 2030 [1]
Under present UK distribution network code, the EG would shut down by either the “G59/1” [3] protection located on the Small Scale Embedded Generation (SSEG) interface protection [4], or by an inter-tripping signal originating at the circuit breaker tripping on fault
The main difficulty of Self-Excited Induction Generations (SEIG) is the lack of ability to control the machine terminal voltage and frequency under un-predicted load and speed conditions, such as disconnection/reconnection to the grid or when it operates in an islanding mode
Summary
World energy use increased more than tenfold over the 20th century, predominately from fossil fuels and this is estimated to increase by 60% by 2030 [1]. The analysis presented in this paper attempts to define the available operating regions, boundaries and limits for the induction generator and potential schemes to support the generator stable operation, such as demand side management This analysis should help designers of wind energy conversion systems, whether using conventional or new power electronic converters based technologies to exploit the full possible stable operating range of the system. The methodology implemented in this research is to use the steady-state analysis of the SEIG to identify various parameters affecting its performance under different operating conditions These parameters are used to analyse the SEIG “dynamic” operation during the transition from one steady-state to another; e.g., from grid connection (where the balance of active and reactive power is supported by the grid) to another state where the SEIG and its local demand and resources have to be self-sufficient
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