Analysis of the dynamic changes of serum IgM and IgG antibodies of the COVID-19 patients

Abstract

Objective: To monitor the changes in specific IgM and IgG antibodies in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and analyze their clinical significance. Methods: A total of 168 serum samples were collected from 56 COVID-19 patients with different disease courses who were positive for nucleic acid test at Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention on January 8, 2020 and February 21, 2020. Serum samples from 25 healthy people excluded from COVID-19 were used as control group. IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected by chemiluminescence method. Results: IgM antibody increased sharply in 1-3 weeks after onset, and reached the peak value (21.78 AU/ml) in the 3rd week after onset. IgG antibody increased the most in 3-6 weeks after onset, and reached the peak value (81.58 AU/ml) in the 9th week after onset. The levels of IgM and IgG antibodies were closely correlated with age and disease course (P<0.05). The antibody level of 30-60 years old group was the highest, the IgM antibody positive rate and antibody level of acute stage and previous infection were lower than that of recovery stage, and the IgG antibody positive rate and antibody level of acute stage were lower than that of recovery stage and previous infection. During the whole course of the disease, the levels of IgM and IgG antibodies increased gradually in the acute stage, reached the peak in the recovery stage, and decreased and maintained at a certain level in the past infection. Conclusions: Serum SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibody detection can be used as auxiliary diagnostic indicators for COVID-19, and its continuous observation is helpful for epidemiological investigation, serological diagnosis and disease course monitoring.