Analysis of the Different Types of Electric Motors Used in Electric Vehicles

Abstract

AbstractElectric vehicles are vehicles that operate on an electric motor and utilize batteries to store the power to run the motor. Electric vehicles have been fabricated ever since the introduction of DC power motors decades ago and have a long history in making. In accordance with the growing innovations and inventions in Electric vehicle systems, it is crucial to study and choose the apt electric motor that will fit the needs and necessities of the electric vehicle. Different manufacturers choose different electric motors according to the design, build, and requirement of their electric vehicle. Moreover, the lack of nonrenewable energy sources and the expanding biological mindfulness have laid a concrete platform for the progress of electric vehicles, along with the consideration of fuel use, without deteriorating the performance and driving solace of the motors in use. Hence based on the power requirement (in the place of fuel), many electric motors are being used in electric vehicles. As the demand for cost-efficient EVs coupled with high-efficiency performance increases, there is an extensive need for advanced generators and motors. The type of generator or motor that is utilized in an EV will depend on the usage such as “on” or “off” highway locomotives and vehicles, heavy or medium, or light-duty vehicles, etc. The overall performance of the motors in the vehicle will depend on the cooling mechanism utilized, thermal characteristics, and vehicle duty cycle. In this paper, we have explored and studied the various types of motors that are used in electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. A comparison is drawn based on the motors’ size, reliability, power, and efficiency as part of the EVs and HEVs when used over a period of time. The experimental analysis carried out on various criteria is also recorded and observed to determine their efficiency.KeywordsPower requirementsEfficiencyPerformance characteristicsSynchronous motorsInduction motorsSelf-excited motorsSeparately excited motors