Analysis of the development of tuberculosis as an epidemic process in the student environment of the Оrenburg region

Abstract

The analysis of epidemic situation on tuberculosis, features of detection of disease, and also clinical and epidemiological characteristics for the first time revealed specific process in separate social group of students of the special and higher educational organizations of the Orenburg region for 2000–2018 was carried out. ­Me­thods. The indicators of incidence of tuberculosis of respiratory organs and extra-thoracic localization, indicators of morbidity with established bacterial excretion, indicators of morbidity in the presence of pulmonary tissue decay, indicators of the ratio of patients from secondary or higher educational institutions were calculated. The number of students in the region has undergone signi­ficant changes in recent decades. Since 2000, there has been a tendency for its growth with a maximum value in 2009. Subsequently, there was an annual decrease in the number of students, mainly at the expense of higher education institutions. Were identified different periods in endemic tuberculosis region's population, and the dynamics of tuberculosis morbidity students were subject to fluctuations, but generally consistent with such, the total population of the region. It was revealed that focal and infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis remained the dominant clinical forms for nineteen years. The absence in the clinical structure of respiratory tuberculosis in students of classical forms of primary tuberculosis (tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes, primary tuberculosis complex) confirms the completed early period of primary tuberculosis infection, that is, the previous infection of students with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The obtained results indicate the endogenous reactivation of tuberculosis infection as a priority pathogenesis of the disease in this population group. Among the students of the region in recent years, there has been a tendency to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis. The structure of morbidity is dominated by small uncomplicated forms of tuberculosis of the respiratory system, identified during preventive examinations. Conclusion. In General, over the past de­cades in the Orenburg region there is a tense epidemic situation in the incidence of tuberculosis of students with a characteristic tendency to improve it.