Abstract
The paper presents an analysis of the course and frequency of high water stages in selected catchments of the upper Vistula basin in the south of Poland. The following rivers were investigated: the Dunajec–Nowy Targ-Kowaniec cross-section, the Rudawa–Balice cross-section, the Kamienica–Nowy Sącz cross-section, the Wisłok–Tryńcza cross-section and the San–Przemyśl cross-section. Daily flows from the years 1983–2014 were used to determine maximum annual flows and maximum flows per summer and winter half-year. Selected floods were analyzed with reference to the following metrics: POTX (mean size of the flow determined based on high water stages exceeding the assumed threshold value), POT3F (number of high water stages exceeding the threshold value for each hydrological year), WPOT3F (number of high water stages exceeding the threshold value for the winter half-year and), LOPT3F (number of high water stages exceeding the threshold value for the summer half-year). The determined metrics were analyzed for trend (Mann-Kendall test), homogeneity (Kruskal-Wallis test), and heteroscedasticity (Levene test). Additionally, periodograms were used to determine periodicity of time series for maximum annual flows. The resulting computations indicated upward trends in the analyzed flood metrics but they were not significant in any case. Therefore, in the years 1983–2014 no factors were observed that would significantly affect the size and frequency of high water runoff from the investigated catchments.
Highlights
The effects of climatic changes on the formation of extreme hydrological events and their frequency have been increasingly scrutinized as of late due to their environmental, social, and economic importance
To the analysis of homogeneity and variance, the observed series of maximum annual flows and examined metrics were divided into two samples with 16 observations each
Long‐term hydrometric measurements conducted in the study catchments usually indicated
Summary
The effects of climatic changes on the formation of extreme hydrological events and their frequency have been increasingly scrutinized as of late due to their environmental, social, and economic importance. Particular attention has been paid to the discharges resulting in floods that cause short-term or long-term negative social and environmental changes [1,2,3,4]. Svensson et al [6] and Hattermann et al [7] claimed that the effects of climatic changes on the formation of high water flows and their frequency include mainly the amount of precipitation, its spatial distribution, and prevalence, as well as fluctuations of mean air temperature responsible for snowmelt.
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