Abstract
Ionizing radiation sources such as Solar Energetic Particles and Galactic Cosmic Radiation may cause unexpected errors in imaging and communication systems of satellites in the Space environment, as reported in the previous literature. In this study, the temporal variation of the speckle values on Sentinel 1 satellite images were compared with the cosmic ray intensity/count data, to analyze the effects which may occur in the electromagnetic wave signals or electronic system. Sentinel 1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images nearby to the cosmic ray stations and acquired between January 2015 and December 2019 were processed. The median values of the differences between speckle filtered and original image were calculated on Google Earth Engine Platform per month. The monthly median “noise” values were compared with the cosmic ray intensity/count data acquired from the stations. Eight selected stations’ data show that there are significant correlations between cosmic ray intensities and the speckle amounts. The Pearson correlation values vary between 0.62 and 0.78 for the relevant stations.
Highlights
IntroductionCosmic rays are various atomic and subatomic particles that continuously enter the Earth’s atmosphere from the Sun and outside of the Solar System and reach the Earth [1]
The temporal change graphs of monthly scatter values and cosmic ray station data obtained for the test areas on radar images are here analyzed
The temporal variation of speckle values in radar images was compared with cosmic ray number density data, to examine the effect of cosmic rays on Sentinel
Summary
Cosmic rays are various atomic and subatomic particles that continuously enter the Earth’s atmosphere from the Sun and outside of the Solar System and reach the Earth [1]. They are studied in two groups as primary and secondary cosmic rays. As cosmic rays pass through the atmosphere, they interact with atoms and molecules in the atmosphere, producing lower energy particles. These particles with lower energy reaching the ground are secondary cosmic rays. Cosmic rays are divided into three categories: Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) coming from outside the solar system; Solar
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