Abstract
Rhizobacteria play an important role in bridging the soil and plant microbiomes and improving the health and growth of plants. In this study, the bacterial community structures and compositions of rhizosphere microbiomes associated with six plant species, representing two orders and three families of wild plants grown in the same field, were evaluated. The six plant species examined harbored a core and similar bacterial communities of the rhizosphere microbiome, which was dominated by members of Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales, Burkholderiales, and Xanthomonadales of Proteobacteria, Subgroup 4 of Acidobacteria, and Sphingobacteriales of Bacteroidetes. Plant species had a significant effect on the microbial composition and Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) abundance of the rhizosphere microbiome. Statistical analysis indicated a significant differential OTU richness (Chao1, p < 0.05) and bacterial diversity (Shannon index, p < 0.0001) of the rhizosphere microbiome at the plant species, genus, or families levels. The paralleled samples from the same plant species in the PCoA and hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated a clear tendency to group together, although the samples were not strictly separated according to their taxonomic divergence at the family or order level. The CAP analysis revealed a great proportion (44.85%) of the variations on bacterial communities could be attributed to the plant species. The results demonstrated that largely conserved and taxonomically narrow bacterial communities of the rhizosphere microbiome existed around the plant root. The bacterial communities and diversity of the rhizosphere microbiome were significantly related to the plant taxa, at least at the species levels.
Highlights
The microbes in the rhizosphere are a diverse mixture of micro‐ organisms that can actively interact with the host plant in differ‐ ent ways
To examine the degree to which the plant taxa drive the assembly of bacterial communities in specific soil environments, we evaluated the bacterial community structures and compositions of rhizo‐ sphere microbiomes associated with six plant species representing two orders, three families, and six genera of wild plants grown in the same field using high‐throughput DNA sequencing techniques
Significant differen‐ tial Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) richness estimated by Chao1 (p = 0.022 < 0.05) and bac‐ terial diversity estimated by the Shannon index (p < 0.0001) were observed among the rhizosphere microbiome of six plant species
Summary
The microbes in the rhizosphere are a diverse mixture of micro‐ organisms that can actively interact with the host plant in differ‐ ent ways. The communities, composition, and variation of the plant root‐associated microbiome from several plant species, such as the model plant species Arabidopsis (Bulgarelli et al, 2012; Lundberg et al, 2012; Schlaeppi et al, 2014), and economically important crop plants such as maize (Peiffer et al, 2013), rice (Edwards et al, 2015; Knief et al, 2011), potato (Rasch et al, 2006), tomato (Tian, Cao, & Zhang, 2015), tobacco (Robin et al, 2006), and soybean (Mendes, Kuramae, Navarrete, Veen, & Tsai, 2014; Xu et al, 2009), have been revealed using culture‐independent 16S rRNA gene‐based sequencing techniques These studies have given us a glance about the bacterial community, composition, and diversity of the rhizosphere microbiome and its relationship with the soil microbiome. Understanding the mechanisms that shape and drive the microbi‐ ome assembly in the rhizosphere will provide a basis on which to construct a healthy plant rhizosphere microbiome to benefit plant breeding, improve soil management strategies, and introduce uni‐ versal biological control agents and fertilizers to develop more sus‐ tainable agricultural practices
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