Abstract
Background: Orange and lemon peels are a type of biomass waste, as the demand for the production of these citrus species and their use in various food industries leads to their significant accumulation in the form of waste. This study was designed so that this waste is recycled to be added to diesel fuel and to verify its suitability as a composite fuel. Method: This study aimed to investigate the thermal combustion behavior of lemon peel powder, LPP, and orange peel powder, OPP biomass composite fuel diesel. The citrus peel was dried and ground to a powder material of 450-750 µm in size, then mixed in different percentages with diesel fuel. Different parameters were controlled to improve the composite fuel characteristic. The pyrolysis experiments of the diesel/citrus composite fuel were conducted in an internal combustion engine. Results: The results showed that the citrus/diesel composite fuel sustains its combustion properties at 30% of the added citrus peel powder, with a reduction of harmful emissions. The results showed that calorific values of diesel containing 30% LPP or 15% LPP + 15% OPP were very close to that of pure diesel. The maximum calorific values were obtained at α = 0.85, 0.80, and 0.90 for 30% OPP, 30% LPP, and 15% OPP + 15% LPP composite fuels respectively. It was found that the addition of homogenization material and combustion activator to the composite fuel raised the maximum temperature of combustion by 230 °C, 200 °C, and 330 °C for 30% OPP, 30% LPP, and 15% OPP + 15% LPP respectively. The TGA analysis of lemon and orange showed that the weight loss has proceeded in three stages, the first at 150°C – 200 °C due to water evaporation, the second at 400 °C due to hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose, and the third at 600 °C due to combustion of fuel material forming carbon residue. Conclusion: The composite fuel without additives showed the highest combustion temperature at about 600 °C, while the maximum combustion temperature for the composite fuel with additives was achieved at 800 °C at a shorter time.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.