Abstract
The essential oil in leaves of Polygonum minus Huds., a local aromatic plant, were identified by a pipeline of gas chromatography (GC) techniques coupled with mass-spectrometry (MS), flame ionization detector (FID) and two dimensional gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOF MS). A total of 48 compounds with a good match and high probability values were identified using this technique. Meanwhile, 42 compounds were successfully identified in this study using GC-MS, a significantly larger number than in previous studies. GC-FID was used in determining the retention indices of chemical components in P. minus essential oil. The result also showed the efficiency and reliability were greatly improved when chemometric methods and retention indices were used in identification and quantification of chemical components in plant essential oil.
Highlights
Polygonum minus Huds, commonly known as kesum, is widely used in Malaysian cooking, and several traditional practices utilise the leaves and stems of this plant [1]
The objective of this study was to demonstrate different gas chromatography approaches to analyse the composition of the essential oils of kesum, with the hope that the improved component separation and identification would allow for a determination of unidentified minor components that may strongly influence the overall quality of the oil
Using gas chromatography (GC)–MS, Yaacob detected only 10 components in kesum essential oil [2], with decanal and dodecanal being identified as marker compounds
Summary
Polygonum minus Huds, commonly known as kesum, is widely used in Malaysian cooking, and several traditional practices utilise the leaves and stems of this plant [1]. Kesum is an aromatic plant that produces high levels of essential oil (72.54%) containing aliphatic aldehydes [2]. Identified decanal (24.36%) and dodecanal (48.18%) as the two dominant aldehydes that contribute to the flavour of kesum. Apart from decanal and dodecanal, Yaacob found that kesum contains 1decanol (2.49%), 1-dodecanol (2.44%), undecanal (1.77%), tetradecanal (1.42%), 1-undecanol (1.41%), nonanal (0.86%), 1-nonanol (0.76%), and β-caryophyllene (0.18%). Kesum is believed to have great potential as a natural source of aliphatic aldehydes, which could be useful as food additives and in the perfume industry. With the development of botanical drugs, including traditional herbal medicines, analysis of their bioactive components is becoming more popular. Many botanical drugs have bioactive components in their essential oils, so characterization of plant essential oils it is an important and meaningful task
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