Abstract
The treatment of landfill leachate could be challenging for the biological wastewater treatment systems due to its high toxicity and the presence of poorly biodegradable contaminants. In this study, the bioaugmentation technology was successfully applied in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with the phenolic landfill leachate by inoculation of the activated sludge (AS) with two phenol-degrading Pseudomonas putida OR45a and Pseudomonas putida KB3 strains. According to the results, the SBRs bioaugmented with Pseudomonas strains withstood the increasing concentrations of the leachate. This resulted in the higher removal efficiency of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 79–86%, ammonia nitrogen of 87–88% and phenolic compounds of 85–96% as compared to 45%, 64%, and 50% for the noninoculated SBR. Simultaneously, the bioaugmentation of the AS allowed to maintain the high enzymatic activity of dehydrogenases, nonspecific esterases, and catalase in this ecosystem, which contributed to the higher functional capacity of indigenous microorganisms than in the noninoculated AS. Herein, the stress level experienced by the microorganisms in the SBRs fed with the leachate computed based on the cellular ATP measurements showed that the abundance of exogenous Pseudomonas strains in the bioreactors contributed to the reduction in effluent toxicity, which was reflected by a decrease in the stress biomass index to 32–45% as compared to the nonbioaugmented AS (76%).
Highlights
The global upsurge in the urbanization and industrialization is inextricably associated with an increase in municipal and industrial solid waste generation
The results indicated that enrichment of autochthonous microorganisms with P. putida OR45a and P. putida KB3 contributed to the complete utilization of phenolic compounds present in wastewater continuously spiked with 3.5%
P. putida KB3 for enhancing the biodegradability of the phenolic landfill leachate in the activated sludge (AS)
Summary
The global upsurge in the urbanization and industrialization is inextricably associated with an increase in municipal and industrial solid waste generation. The inevitable obstacle arising from waste management is the formation of heavily polluted leachate emerging from the percolation of rainwater through the layers of landfill or dump [2]. A wide range of physical and chemical technologies have been explored for the leachate purification, including coagulation/flocculation, ozonation, membrane filtration, activated carbon adsorption, chemical precipitation, oxidation and ion exchange processes. Their application in a real scale was reported to be economically unfeasible due to the high operational costs as well as problems concerning the management of chemical sludge and toxic secondary metabolites generated during the treatment process [8,9,10].
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