Analysis of the Behaviour of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Children and Adults Convalescing From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 Infection.

Horacio Márquez-González,Victor Olivar-López,Marcela Salazar-García,Briceida López-Martínez,Miguel Klünder-Klünder,Daniela De La Rosa-Zamboni,Israel Parra-Ortega

doi:10.3389/fped.2021.671831

Horacio Márquez-González, Victor Olivar-López + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.671831

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Abstract

The pandemic caused by SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people since 2020. There are clinical differences and in mortality between the adult and paediatric population. Recently, the immune response through the development of antibodies has gained relevance due to the risk of reinfection and vaccines' development.Objective: Was to compare the association of clinical history and the clinical presentation of the disease with the development of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in paediatric and adult patients with a history of positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results.Methods: Cross-sectional observational study carried out in a Paediatric Hospital in Mexico City included patients under 18 years of age and health personnel with positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 comparing antibody expression. The development of specific IgG antibodies was measured, the presence of comorbidities, duration, and severity of symptoms was determined.Results: Sixty-one subjects (20 < 18 years and 41 > 18 years) were analysed. The median sample collection was 3 weeks. There were no differences in the expression of specific antibodies; no differences were shown according to the symptoms' severity. A positive correlation (r = 0.77) was demonstrated between the duration of symptoms and antibody levels.Conclusions: In conclusion, there is a clear association between the duration of the symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the IgG units generated in paediatric and adult patients convalescing from COVID-19.

Highlights

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic caused by the new strain of coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected more than 200 countries, and until February 2021, it has affected >11 million people causing >2,000,000 deaths [1].The disease’s behaviour is mainly characterised by respiratory symptoms, which can be complicated with severe respiratory insufficiency
The study included subjects with a history of symptoms or who have been in contact with a confirmed case of SARS Cov2), of any age with a positive RT-PCR confirmatory test for SARS-CoV-2, a documented follow-up of the disease’s evolution and measurement of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, who had confirmed their participation by signing an informed consent form
At the time of the study, IgG antibodies were expressed within positive ranges in 24 (39%) patients, showing no differences based on sex or the age group of the patients

Summary

Introduction

The disease’s behaviour is mainly characterised by respiratory symptoms, which can be complicated with severe respiratory insufficiency. It has an incubation period of 3–14 days from exposure, and a duration of 1–2 weeks [2]. The generation of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is triggered by the host’s immune response and is directly related with the decrease in symptoms as well as the protection against future exposures [3]. Seroprevalence studies have demonstrated that the expression of antibodies is directly related with the prevalence of the disease [4]

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Results

Conclusion