Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nutritional deficiencies are one of the main triggers for the development of gastrointestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, the objective of the present work consisted of determining the nutrients present in the bone broth (BB) and evaluating their anti-inflammatory properties in a murine model of UC, induced by intrarectal administration of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and acetic acid (AcOH). The BB was prepared from the femur of bovine cattle and cooked in distilled water for 8 h at 100 ± 2 °C. Materials and Methods: The BB was administered ad libitum to BALB/c mice for 10 days before the induction of UC. Colon samples were collected for histological analysis and determination of cytokine expression levels by qPCR. Results: It was found that amino acids (AA) are the main nutritional contribution of BB, 54.56% of these correspond to essential AA. The prophylactic administration of BB in the murine model of UC reduced histological damage, decreased the expression of IL-1β (61.12%), IL-6 (94.70%), and TNF-α (68.88%), and increased the expression of INF-γ (177.06%), IL-4 (541.36%), and IL-10 (531.97%). Conclusions: This study shows that BB has anti-inflammatory properties, and its consumption can decrease the symptoms of UC.
Highlights
In recent years, it has been observed that nutritional deficiencies in the diet of industrialized countries are the main risk factor for the development of various diseases, that affect the gastrointestinal tract [1,2], such as ulcerative colitis (UC) [3,4,5].The UC is a chronic, idiopathic and recurrent disease that causes inflammation and morphological changes in the mucosa and submucosa of the colon and rectum [6,7]
Because the importance of the protein consumed in the diet is due to its ability to provide amino acids (AA), it was determined that 69.92% of the solids of the bone broth (BB) are AA
Femoral bones were used to perform the preparation of the BB, because products from animal origin such as meat, derived products such as bones and bone marrow are the main source of nutrients in the diet [14,29]
Summary
It has been observed that nutritional deficiencies in the diet of industrialized countries are the main risk factor for the development of various diseases, that affect the gastrointestinal tract [1,2], such as ulcerative colitis (UC) [3,4,5].The UC is a chronic, idiopathic and recurrent disease that causes inflammation and morphological changes in the mucosa and submucosa of the colon and rectum [6,7]. It has been observed that nutritional deficiencies in the diet of industrialized countries are the main risk factor for the development of various diseases, that affect the gastrointestinal tract [1,2], such as ulcerative colitis (UC) [3,4,5]. During UC the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines is increased, these are the cause of the lesions in the mucosa and tissue damage in the colon, the pro-inflammatory cytokines identified in UC are TNF-α, IL-1-β, IL-6, and INF-γ [9]. UC causes infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and granulocytes, loss of goblet cells, ulcerations, and distortion of the crypts of the colon and rectum mucosa [11]. Nutritional deficiencies are one of the main triggers for the development of gastrointestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). Conclusions: This study shows that BB has anti-inflammatory properties, and its consumption can decrease the symptoms of UC
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