Abstract
The opoka-rock belongs to the silica-carbonate rocks commonly used in historical building. The research material in the form of rock fragments was taken from historical objects located in central Poland in Kazimierz Dolny on the Vistula river. In 8 time fractions according to NEN 7375: 2004 norm, the leachability of the main elements from the beryllium group considered as environmental indicators of building materials enriched with carbonate components was determined. After the application of the ICP sequential plasma-emission spectrometer according to the PN-EN ISO 11885 norm, the concentration of Ba, Mg, Sr, Zn, Mn was determined in the water eluates. In addition, physical and mechanical properties such as: open and total porosity, compressive strength in air-dry state, bulk density and specific density; were determined in accordance with the applicable standards. The results of the conducted research allowed finding that the number of leachabilities of the examined elements in decreasing succession were as follows: Mg > Sr > Zn > Ba > Mn. The highest leachability from the selected elements was found for Mg, which ranged from 0.22 to 1.14 ppm.
Highlights
Environmental conditions at the turn of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic left rocks with inhomogeneous petrographic composition, transitional rocks with a silica-carbonate character described in this study as opoka-rocks
The carried out leaching tests for the trace elements such as Sr, Mg, Mn, Zn and Ba from the opoka-rocks showed that all of the analysed elements were leached into the aquatic environment
The highest concentration in water eluates has been reached by magnesium at a maximum value of 1.14 mg/l
Summary
Environmental conditions at the turn of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic left rocks with inhomogeneous petrographic composition, transitional rocks with a silica-carbonate character described in this study as opoka-rocks. In Poland, these sediments occur in the vast areas of the Lublin Upland, in the Mielno-Łódź Basin and the Nidzica Basin They include a lithostratigraphic profile from Turonian to Maastrichtian. Besides calcium opoka-rocks, there are calcareous and decalcified opoka-rocks (light rock) found with different characteristics and chemical compositions [table 1]. In research works, it was found opoka-rocks covered by secondary mineralization processes that resulted in the formation of silificated opoka-rocks [1]. This raw material from the Paleolithic through the Middle Ages to the present day is an important stone raw material in southern Poland, mainly in the Świętokrzyskie and Lubelskie regions. Determination of the physico-mechanical properties complements the characteristics of the examined stone in the building aspect
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