Abstract
Numerical data are presented on the operation of field transformers consisting of down-tapered rectangular waveguides. The propagation is analysed through a classical finite difference 3-D BPM method. A new adiabaticity criterion is proposed. Adiabatic and nonadiabatic (linear or exponential) tapers are investigated, allowing one to increase the field radius from 0.5 to 1.5 or 2 μm at λ=1.5 μm, with a coupling loss to a Gaussian beam from 0.1 to 1 dB. For a given overall length, the more efficient field expansion (but also the larger coupling loss) is obtained with an adiabatic design. According to preliminary results on the effect of fabrication imperfections, it seems that linear tapers would be less sensitive to defects than optimized adiabatic tapers.
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