Analysis of surgical management and outcome of Blunt abdominal trauma

Abstract

Background: Trauma, in particular, blunt abdominal trauma, associated with vehicular accidents and railway accident, has become major cause of morbidity and mortality for working population in developing and industrial nations of world. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess the surgical management and outcome of Blunt abdominal trauma. Method: 49 cases of blunt abdominal trauma studied during study period in a tertiary care hospital. On admission a relevant history with nature of accident, time of occurrence and injuries sustained were noted. A detailed examination of the patient was done, which included general examination with appropriate recording of pulse, blood pressure, and respiratory rate at time of admission, and systemic examination of chest abdomen and central nervous system. Details of external, skeletal and other associated injuries were noted. Presence or absence of hematuria was also recorded. Result: Predominantly younger population (21-30) is affected by trauma with male (10-1) preponderance. Vehicular accident was the commonest cause (48.4%). Blind abdominal tap was 53% sensitive for hemoperitoneum while USG 90%. CT was almost 100% sensitive for abdominal injuries. Spleen (53.08%) and liver (22.44%) were the common organs injured. Associated injuries were present in 42.85% cases. Mortality was higher in those operated beyond one hour. Conclusion: Prevention and measures to decrease morbidity and mortality from abdominal trauma is essential to avoid loss of productive years of life. Trauma registry with documentation of care delivered, assessment of outcome and implementation of necessary changes would help in providing better care.