Abstract
Nano-fuel, as an appealing alternative, provides a new opportunity to promote engine performances. The surface tension is a vital factor affecting spray and evaporation of fuel. In this study, fuel blends containing 20 and 50 nm particles of CNT, CeO2 and Co3O4 with different mass concentrations (i.e. 50, 100 and 150 mg/L) were prepared by the two-step method, in which diesel worked as the base fuel and CTAB served as the surfactant. The surface tension of nano-fuel was determined experimentally at 10–140 °C based on the pendant drop method, and the effects of mass concentration, particle size, nanoparticle types and temperature on the surface tension of nano-fuel were analyzed. It is revealed that the nano-fuel had higher surface tension than diesel and it increased with the increase in mass concentration or particle size, while decreased linearly with the rise of temperature. Among three types of nano-fuels, CNT nano-fuels had the maximum surface tension, which is followed by CeO2 nano-fuels and then Co3O4 nano-fuels.
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