Abstract
Wireless sensor networks based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard are able to achieve low-power transmissions in the low-rate and short-distance wireless personal area network (PAN). A cluster tree network consists of several clusters; each cluster has a coordinator, known as cluster coordinator, and several device nodes. In the cluster tree topology of IEEE 802.15.4, a PAN coordinator periodically transmits beacon frames to its coordinator nodes as well as a coordinator node periodically transmit beacon frames to their device nodes. The main challenge in the cluster tree network is the collisions between beacons or even between beacon and data frames, which degrades the network performance. In order to decrease collisions, this article proposes the superframe adjustment and beacon transmission scheme (SABTS) by assigning the accurate values of beacon order and superframe order for the PAN coordinator, cluster coordinators, and device nodes, and deciding the precise time for the beacon transmission of PAN and coordinator nodes. A Markov chain model for the cluster tree network is developed with taking into account packet retransmission, acknowledgement, and defer transmission. Both analytical and simulation results show that SABTS performs better than IEEE 802.15.4 standard in terms of the probability of successful transmission, network goodput, and energy consumption.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard have been designed to specify the physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) sublayer for low power consumption, short transmission range, and low-rate wireless personal area network (LR-WPAN) [1]
In order to improve the network performance by decreasing beacon collisions as well as the collisions between beacon and data packets, this article proposes the superframe adjustment and beacon transmission scheme (SABTS) which is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CA) (CSMA/CA), to assign the accurate values of beacon order (BO) and superframe order (SO) for the PAN coordinator, cluster coordinators and device nodes, and to decide the precise time for beacon transmission of PAN and coordinator nodes
Let us denote PdropPAN and PsucPAN be the probabilities of packet dropped and successful transmission from coordinator node to the PAN coordinator, respectively, which can be obtained by Equations 47 and 48
Summary
Wireless sensor networks based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard have been designed to specify the physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) sublayer for low power consumption, short transmission range, and low-rate wireless personal area network (LR-WPAN) [1]. Equation states the probability of picking a backoff state in the retransmission stage after the collision of packet transmission when having enough time to send packet in the remaining active period and channel idle in both CCA1 and CCA2. Equation states the probability of entering the IDLE state after the collision of packet transmission while reach the maximum retransmission stage after finding the remaining active period to be enough to send packet and channel idle in both CCA1 and CCA2. The steady-state probabilities to perform random backoff, CCA1, CCA2, packet transmission, successful of packet transmission, collision of packet transmission, and idle can be obtained from Equations 27 to 33, respectively. 1⁄4 b0;0;0ÀXk þ Zk Á ð25Þ where Y 1⁄4 ð1 À dÞ1⁄2α þ ð1 À αÞβ; Z 1⁄4 Y mþ; U 1⁄4 À11ÀÀZYÁ; and X 1⁄4 ð1 À dÞð1 À αÞð1 À βÞPcollU for simplicity
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