Analysis of sunflower oil in ternary mixture with grapeseed oil and candlenut oil in the ternary mixture system using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics

A.B Riyanta,A Rohman,S Riyanto,E Lukitaningsih

doi:10.26656/fr.2017.4(5).023

Abstract

Candlenut oil (CDNO) has a high price in the market so that it can be adulterated with one or more oils, therefore, the authentication of CDNO is very important. This study was aimed to develop a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to analyze sunflower oil (SFO) in ternary mixture with grapeseed oil (GPO) and CDNO. SFO, GPO, CDNO and its ternary mixture were prepared and scanned randomly using FTIR spectrophotometer in the mid-infrared region of 4000-650 cm-1 , 8 cm-1 resolution and thirty-two scans. SFO quantification was performed using two multivariate calibrations of principle component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS). PLS using the second derivative FTIR–ATR spectra at wavenumbers regions of 3100-2750 cm-1 was used for quantitative analysis of SFO in ternary mixtures with GPO and CDNO, with correlation coefficient (R) values obtained for the relationship between actual values and FTIR predicted values of SFO of 0.9999 and 0.8744 in calibration and validation models, respectively. The errors in calibration and prediction models, expressed by the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), were low, i.e. 0.233% and 7.90%, respectively. The use of FTIR spectroscopy method combined with multivariate calibration techniques is an appropriate method for detecting the adulteration of candlenut oil from GPO and SFO.

Highlights

Candlenut (Aleurites mollucana (L.) willd.) is a plant often found in eastern Indonesia (Sulistyo et al, 2009)
A total of twenty-nine samples consisting of sunflower oil (SFO), grapeseed oil (GPO) and candlenut oil (CDNO) in ternary mixtures at concentration ranges of 0–100.0% v/v were prepared
Among SFO, GPO and CDNO spectra are very similar based on all peaks in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-ATR

Summary

Introduction

Candlenut (Aleurites mollucana (L.) willd.) is a plant often found in eastern Indonesia (Sulistyo et al, 2009). Oleic acid is a polyunsaturated oil contained in candlenut oil (Imdadul et al, 2017). Due to the unsaturated fatty acid content, candlenut oil (CDNO) is more expensive than other vegetable oil, especially in Indonesian fats industry (Yuliani et al, 2017). Candlenut leave’s traditionally used to treat coughs, diarrhea, headaches, ulcers, fever, hernia, and gonorrhoea (Quintãoa et al, 2019), the seeds of the plant are considered as toxic for oral use (González-Stuart and Rivera, 2003). Grapeseed oil (GSO) is considered as one of the possible sources of special lipids (Fernandes et al, 2013). GSO has a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) at a range of 85-90% and among them, linoleic acid is dominant. GSO contains some phytochemical components such as phytosterols, tocopherols, tocotrienols, flavonoids, phenolic acids and carotenoids which are important to human health (Crews et al, 2006)

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion