Abstract
Polar porous polymeric microspheres divinylbenzene–glycidyl methacrylate (DVB–GMA) were synthesized with a suspension method. Two kinds of polymers differing in chemical composition and physical properties were obtained. The molar ratios of monomers in the polymers were 50:50 and 75:25, respectively. Next, the prepared materials were chemically treated with phosphoric or sulphuric acid in order to additionally modify their surface. Consequently, the polymers gained acidic character and cation exchange properties. The prepared materials were characterized by: elemental analysis, ATR-FTIR, DSC, low temperature nitrogen sorption and SPE experiments. CHN and ATR-FTIR confirmed the chemical structures of the polymers. The DSC analyses revealed their network was highly cross-linked. Porous structure parameters of the studied materials strongly depended on their chemical composition. All the materials were mesoporous with bimodal pore size distribution (3.7 nm and 5.5–7.5 nm). Highly cross-linked DVB–GMA 75:25 and its acidic derivatives had twice higher specific surface areas (320–370 m2/g) than their less cross-linked counterparts DVB–GMA 50:50 (140–190 m2/g). The prepared materials were tested for the sorption of phenolic compounds (phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) and popular pharmaceuticals—aspirin, paracetamol and ibuprofen. The process of dynamic sorption of phenols depended on both porous structure and surface chemistry of the polymers. And the less polar character of the polymeric surface was balanced by its higher porosity to maintain the sorption ability on the same level. In case of pharmaceuticals dependence of sorption properties on porosity and/or surface chemistry was more diversified and additionally chemical nature of adsorbate had to be taken into account.
Highlights
Very intensive technical and industrial development besides many benefits brings threats to the natural environment in the form of pollution
For divinylbenzene–glycidyl methacrylate (DVB–Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)) 75:25 + H3PO4 the additional peak is visible (175–300 °C) which is connected with reactions between phosphate groups and formation of pyrophosphate derivatives (Bielański 1998)
The phenols sorption on more porous DVB–GMA 75:25 + H2SO4 or DVB–GMA 75:25 + H3PO4 reaches almost twice higher values than on respective 50:50 derivatives
Summary
Very intensive technical and industrial development besides many benefits brings threats to the natural environment in the form of pollution. Adsorption (2019) 25:257–266 are analytical techniques like: solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME), head space-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), and membrane technology (Namieśnik 2003). These methods are based on the phenomenon of reversible adsorption of analytes. The most dynamically developing group of sorbents are polymers They have a number of advantages: thermal stability, chemical resistance in a wide range of pH, possibility of regeneration, as well as chemical or physical modification. The right course of syntheses and modification of the prepared materials were confirmed by elemental and ATR-FTIR analyses To describe their thermal behavior DSC studies were performed. The properties of DVB–GMA copolymers were compared with those of apolar polidivinylbenzene (pDVB) and polar poli(bismaleimide-glycidyl methacrylate) (BM–GMA)
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