Abstract
The residual hoop stresses in pressurised pipes caused by long external indentations and the subsequent stress variations caused by internal pressure fluctuations are investigated for a range of residual indentation depths, support positions, pressure magnitudes and indenter radii, 7using the Finite Element (FE) method, including initial stress and geometrical non-linearity effects. Three materials are used in the investigation to assess the effects of material properties on the stress variations. A semi-empirical formulation is developed, based on an imperfect, indented pipe model and the results of the FE analyses, to predict the variations of the residual stresses in the pipes.
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