Abstract
Aim: The STK11 gene, also known as LKB1, encodes for a serine/threonine kinase with growth-suppressing activity, such as inhibition of cell cycle progression, cell growth retardation, apoptotic cell death, and cell polarity control. This study aimed to investigate some properties of the STK11 gene and its product, such as the homologous protein sequences in different species, the common transcription factor binding sites on their promoters, their phylogenetic relationship, their catalytic domains (S_TKc), and their expression profiles. Methods: We investigated the homology, conserved domain, promoter and expression profiles of the STK11/LKB1 genes in various species using bioinformatics approaches. Results: Our results revealed that STK11/LKB1 molecules are conserved among all organisms investigated. The kinase domain (S_TKc) of human STK11/LKB1 gene is closest to those of Pan troglodytes, Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis. In contrast, the most diverse to the human S_TKc domain is that of Bos taurus. With the multiple alignment strategy, protein and domain sequences of M. fascicularis and B. Taurus are predicted to have a truncation. The comparative screening of the promoters demonstrated that STK11/LKB1 genes do not seem to have any common conserved transcription factor binding sites. Conclusion: This study demonstrated STK11 molecules in various species are well conserved throughout evolution. Comparative screening of the promoter sequences of the human STK11 and its homologues found in the NCBI database revealed that there was no any common transcription factor binding sites. Phylogenetic trees constructed using the neighbor-joining method (NJ) revealed a close evolutionary relationship of S_TKc in various species.
Highlights
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex clinical condition defined by a 50% increase in serum creatinine within 7 days or an increase in serum creatinine of 0.3 mg/dl within 2 days [1]
Clinical predictors, survival, and clinical outcomes of community-acquired acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) patients admitted to an internal medicine ward
Our results reveal that prerenal AKI community-acquired acute kidney injury (CA)-AKI and ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) increased risk of death and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression even one year after the index event and identified demented patients and loop diuretics use as risk factors for CA-AKI
Summary
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex clinical condition defined by a 50% increase in serum creatinine within 7 days or an increase in serum creatinine of 0.3 mg/dl within 2 days [1]. The International Society of Nephrology has put forward the “0 by 25” campaign to highlight the importance of AKI in preventable causes of death in the community [6] Such an effort can be accomplished only through a deep knowledge of community-acquired acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) prevalence and risk factors. Few studies have examined the impact of CA-AKI in long-term outcomes after hospital discharge, such as mortality, the progression of preexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the development of new-onset CKD [14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. This study evaluates prevalence and predictive factors for developing CA-AKI
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