Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the anthropometric characteristics and sport supplement (SS) consumption patterns of heavyweight and lightweight international rowers. Methods: The 13 heavyweights (11 males) and seven lightweights (five males) of the Spanish National Rowing Team were recruited for the study. Body composition was measured by bio-impedance analysis, and the questionnaire used in this investigation was previously validated to assess SS consumption. According to anthropometrics parameters, it was reported that male heavyweight rowers were heavier (p < 0.001) and taller (p < 0.001), but no statistical differences were reported for % body fat (p = 0.104) or % lean body mass (p = 0.161). All rowers reported consumption of at least one SS. Based on the Australian Institute of Sport’s classification, higher medical supplement consumption was observed when comparing heavyweight rowers to lightweight rowers (2.5 ± 1.1 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5, p = 0.040). There were no differences in the totals of group A (strong scientific evidence for sports scenarios, p = 0.069), group B (emerging scientific support, deserving of further research, p = 0.776), or group C (scientific evidence not supportive of benefit and/or security amongst athletes, p = 0.484). The six most consumed SSs were iron (85%), caffeine (85%), β-alanine (85%), energy bars (85%), vitamin supplements (80%), and isotonic drinks (80%), with no statistical differences between heavyweight and lightweight rowers (p > 0.05). These results suggest that the absence of differences in body composition (expressed as a percentage) do not represent anthropometric disadvantages for heavyweight rowers. In addition, SS consumption was similar between rowers, reporting only higher medical supplement consumption in heavyweight rowers.
Highlights
Elite athlete status is a partially heritable trait, along with other physiological, anthropometrical, and psychological traits that contribute to elite sports performance [1]
Heavyweight rowers were older than lightweight rowers (24.2 ± 3.0 vs. 21.3 ± 2.3 years, p = 0.036, ES = 1.10), but no differences were observed in the number of weekly training sessions
There were no detected differences in body composition because any statistical differences were observed in % body fat (p = 0.104) or %
Summary
Elite athlete status is a partially heritable trait, along with other physiological, anthropometrical, and psychological traits that contribute to elite sports performance [1]. These physical and physiological capabilities differ depending on the sport practiced [2]. A 0.6% performance improvement today is sufficient to make a difference in sports performance [4]. Rowing is one of the oldest Olympic sports, having been represented since the first modern. Rowing athletes compete in different modalities that cover 2000 m in sculling or sweep styles, and are divided into heavyweight and lightweight divisions. Rowing competitions last between 5.5 and 8 min, and have an approximate mean velocity between 5.3 and
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