Abstract
An important component of research in cultural geography involves the exploration and analysis of the laws of regional cultural differences. This topic has considerable significance in the discovery of distinctive cultures, protection of regional cultures, and in-depth understanding of cultural differences. In recent years, with the “spatial turn” of sociology, scholars have focused increasing attention to implicit spatial information in social media data, as well as the social phenomena and laws they reflect. Grasping sociocultural phenomena and their spatial distribution characteristics through texts is an important aspect. Using machine learning methods, such as the popular natural language processing (NLP) approach, this study extracts hotspot cultural elements from text data and accurately detects the spatial interaction patterns of specific cultures, as well as the characteristics of emotions toward non-native cultures. Through NLP, this study examines cultural differences among people from South and North China by analyzing 6128 answers to the question, “What are the differences between South and North China that you ever know?” posted on the Zhihu Q&A platform. Moreover, this study probes individuals’ emotions and cognition of cultural differences between South and North China in three aspects, namely, spatial interaction patterns of hotspot cultural elements, components of hotspot cultures, and emotional characteristics under the influence of cultural differences between the two regions. Results reveal that: (1) people from North and South China exhibit considerable differences in recognizing each other’s culture; (2) among numerous cultural differences, food culture is the most popular; and (3) people tend to have a negative attitude toward food cultures that differ from their own. These factors can shed light on regional cultural differences and help address cultural conflicts. In addition, this study provides effective solutions from a macro perspective, which has been challenging for new cultural geography.
Highlights
Numerous novel cultural phenomena have emerged along with changes and developments in society
Looking back at its development, several scholars believe that it has undergone a transformation from conventional cultural geography to new cultural geography, which has become mainstream in cultural geography studies [1,2]
We believe that the bottom-up cultural view and the cultural meaning of daily lives and social practices, which are emphasized in new cultural geography, are of great importance to the field [4,5]
Summary
Numerous novel cultural phenomena have emerged along with changes and developments in society. The emergence of artificial intelligence and increasingly mature machine learning technologies, such as natural language processing (NLP), has provided additional scientific approaches for word analysis, opinion extraction, and emotional analysis based on the big data of social texts [13,14,15] Such advancements are advantageous to macro cultural phenomenon research launched under the framework of new cultural geography. This study adopts the geography-related topic Q&A data from Zhihu, which is the largest Q&A platform in China, as its main data source It tries to construct the cognition of cultural differences between South and North China through text analysis, part-of-speech (POS) tagging, proper noun extraction, and topic word clustering using NLP. It performs emotion analysis under the influence of cultural differences between South and North China [36,37,38]
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