Abstract
Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS) have been widely used by the remote sensing community in recent decades for post-launch absolute calibration, cross-calibration, and the monitoring of radiometric stability. The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) has established several official PICS for these purposes. Of these, Libya-4 is the most commonly used, due to its high uniformity and stability. The site was chosen as a large-area site for medium resolution sensors, and with high-resolution sensors now common, smaller sites are being identified. This work has identified an improved area of interest (AOI) within Libya-4 by using combined Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 data. The Optimized Ground Target (OGT) was determined by calculating the coefficient of variation along with the use of a quasi-Newton optimization algorithm combined with the Basin–Hopping global optimization technique to constrain a search area small enough to perform a final brute-force refinement. The Coefficient of Variation CV of the proposed OGT is significantly lower than that in the original CEOS area, with differences between the CV of both zones in the order of 1% in the visible near-infrared (VNIR) bands. This new AOI has the potential to improve the cross-calibration between high-resolution sensors using the PICS methodology through an OGT with more homogeneous and stable characteristics.
Highlights
In response to the increasing demand for remote-sensing products and services, a growing number of Earth-observation satellites are being placed into service [1]
The Libya-4 Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS), in this paper described as Libya-4 area of interest (AOI), has an area of 100 × 100 km2, useful for low and medium resolution sensors
Libya-4 was one of the six PICS recommended by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV) [23] along with Mauritania-1, Mauritania-2, Algeria-3, Algeria-5, and Libya-1
Summary
In response to the increasing demand for remote-sensing products and services, a growing number of Earth-observation satellites are being placed into service [1]. The aforementioned products and services can have the benefit of being created from disparate data sources if such interoperability is achieved, in order to obtain that, it is necessary to analyze the compared behavior of the different sensors [3,4]. Due to the degradation in the space environment, even those with on-board calibration systems usually require the use of data acquired on reference ground targets as part of their calibration procedures [6]. These ground targets are used to perform the comparison between sensors
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