Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Changes and Human Driving Forces of Land Landscape Pattern and in Huanghua City

Abstract

Based on TM/ETM+ images of Huanghua City in 1994, 2004 and 2013, this paper studies the landscape pattern with landscape indices selected by the type and level of landscape, analyzes the changes of spatial pattern by introducing the center of gravity migration model, and explores the human driving forces of landscape pattern by the human-associated impact. The results indicate that, in terms of landscape type, three types of landscape are relatively concentrated, namely farmland, saline land, and grassland; the grassland, farmland and construction land feature high fractural dimension and complex landscape shape; the wetland, farmland and saline land patches boast relatively high physical connectivity. In terms of landscape level, the patch changes from fragmented distribution to concentrated distribution, and from simple shapes to complex shapes. From the distribution center of each landscape type, there are various degrees of migration for all landscape types in the two periods of 1994-2004 and 2004-2013. Specifically, the farthest migration occurs in 1994-2004 to construction land, which is 2.928km; the second and third farthest migrations occur to grassland and saline land, respectively. The shortest migration occurs in 2004-2013 to water body, which is 0.234km. Human factors are the main influencing factors over the changes of landscape pattern of Huanghua City.