Abstract
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can be fueled with various gases, including carbon-containing compounds. High operating temperatures, exceeding 600 °C, and the presence of a porous, nickel-based SOFC anode, might lead to the formation of solid carbon particles from fuels such as carbon monoxide and other gases with hydrocarbon-based compounds. Carbon deposition on fuel electrode surfaces can cause irreversible damage to the cell, eventually destroying the electrode. Soot formation mechanisms are strictly related to electrochemical, kinetic, and thermodynamic conditions. In the current study, the effects of carbon deposition on the lifetime and performance of SOFCs were analyzed in-operando, both in single-cell and stack conditions. It was observed that anodic gas velocity has an impact on soot formation and deposition, thus it was also studied in depth. Single-anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells were fueled with gases delivered in such a way that the initial velocities in the anodic compartment ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 m/s. Both cell operation and post-mortem observations proved that the carbon deposition process accelerates at higher anodic gas velocity. Furthermore, single-cell results were verified in an SOFC stack operated in carbon-deposition regime by dry-coupling with a downdraft 150 kWth biomass gasifier.
Highlights
One of the key advantages of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is their fuel flexibility
The collected data shows that the decrease in steam-to-carbon ratios (S/C) was followed by an increase in the resistance of theFigure fuel cell, but without impedance the qualitative changes in the impedance pattern
The collected data shows that the decrease in S/C was followed by an increase in the resistance of the fuel cell, but without the qualitative changes in the impedance pattern
Summary
One of the key advantages of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is their fuel flexibility. Demonstrated that operating conditions and composition of fuel influence the determining the cell parameters and degradation in methane-fueled anode-supported SOFCs. Chen morphology of deposited carbon structures and fuel cell of degradation process. Measurement was realized under carbon-deposition-promoting conditions—at term (3 h)The. EISEIS evolution on a Ni–YSZ anode-supported cell fueled by a mixture of methane open and circuit voltage (OCV). After completing the experimental campaign, theunder last test with a electric single cell was were performed in order to determine SOFC degradation over time constant load. It aimed to monitor cell performance degradation in the same conditions, but for h.
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