Abstract
Recordings have been analysed of the songs of five different species of Japanese cicadas: Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata Mots., Oncotympana maculaticollis Mots., Tanna japonensis Dist., Meimuna opalifera Walk., and Platypleura kaempferi F. The song was always composed of pulses of sound (damped oscillations) which are produced repetitively at a frequency of 200–500/sec by the contraction of the main sound muscle. Rhythmical changes occur in the amplitude and shape of the sound pulses. The frequency spectrum of sound shows a marked overlapping among the songs of different species but the rhythm in amplitude or shape of the pulses is specific for the species of cicada. It is concluded that species discrimination in cicadas is accomplished by discriminating the differences in these rhythms.
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