Abstract
Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with poor water solubility, so the absorption is less than optimal. One method to improve the solubility of ketoprofen is through the formation of multicomponent solid forms. The success of the formation of the multicomponent solid forms is strongly influenced by interactions between components in their solids. In this study, the analysis of the interactions in solid form of ketoprofen-coformers was carried out using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and hot stage microscopy (HSM) with adipic acid and isonicotinamide as coformers. From the experimental results, the mixtures of ketoprofen-adipic acid show a solid-liquid phase diagram that indicates a simple eutectic system with eutectic points on the molar fraction of ketoprofen 0.9 and temperature at 92.9 °C. The ketoprofen-isonicotinamide mixtures have a eutectic system with the peritectic point. The solid-liquid phase diagram has indicated that the ketoprofen-adipic acid in eutectic composition forms a miscible liquid phase without interaction in its solid form, whereas the ketoprofen-isonicotinamide forms a miscible liquid phase accompanied by interaction with the excess component. The results of the HSM analysis showed the same phenomenon as the result of the DSC experiment and have confirmed with the FTIR analysis
Highlights
The compounds can form interactions with others to produce various types of multicomponent solid forms (Shayanfar & Jouyban, 2013; Haneef & Chadha, 2017)
The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments have shown that the solidliquid phase diagram of the ketoprofen and adipic acid in binary mixtures have a simple eutectic system
From the phase diagram indicating that mixtures of ketoprofen-adipic acid were completely miscible in the liquid phase but showed the absence of the solid-state interaction of each other in the solid phase
Summary
The compounds can form interactions with others to produce various types of multicomponent solid forms (Shayanfar & Jouyban, 2013; Haneef & Chadha, 2017). New solid forms resulting from intermolecular interactions between solid compounds will have physicochemical properties that are significantly different from the starting compounds (Moore & Wildfong, 2009; Klimova & Leitner, 2012) This phenomenon can be used to design the new solid forms of an active pharmaceutical ingredient in order to improve physicochemical properties (Bartsch & Griesser, 2004). Ketoprofen is an ibuprofen-type drug regarded for treatment and management of pain or inflammatory caused by a condition such as dysmenorrhea, postoperative, and rheumatoid arthritis. This drug has potent pharmacological effects with low side effects (Shohin et al, 2012). Analysis of the solid-state interaction of ketoprofen with coformers that underlies the formation of multicomponent solid forms is fundamental in the modification of physicochemical properties of ketoprofen
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