Analysis of Self Efficacy-Sufficiency Levels of Individuals with Visual Impairment According to Some Variables

İbrahim Dalbudak,Mihriay Musa

doi:10.5539/ies.v12n10p75

Abstract

This study was conducted with the aim of determining self efficacy-sufficiency levels of visually impaired individuals according to some variables. Bandura (1994) states that self-sufficiency, defined as an individual’s belief on operating a specific job, is an important factor for the athletes. Self-sufficiency results in choosing a field of study voluntarily, feeling a high motivation for accomplishing that job, endeavoring and spending time on the study. Self-sufficiency is about the individual’s specific area or behavior group (Akkoyunlu & Orhan, 2003). The study was conducted on 127 male and 60 female visually-impaired individuals, a total of 187, with different visual acuity in different visually-handicapped clubs. The voluntary basis was taken into consideration in participation. As the data collection tool, “Personal Information Form” and “Self-Efficacy–Sufficiency Scale” which was developed by Sherer et al. (1982), and adopted into Turkish by Gözüm and Aksayan (1999). The data set was analyzed in SPSS 20.0 packaged programme. The data was purified from loss and wrong coding, and the normality hypothesis was done with kurtosis and skewness values. In the analysis of the data, frequency, the average standard deviation was used; besides, T-Test (in paired comparisons) gender, disability status, marital status and branches of sports; one-way variance (ANOVA) test in age, level of education, level of income and visual acuity were used. When one-way ANOVA results of self-sufficiency scores according to gender, age, disability status, level of education, level of income, and visual acuity were analyzed, it was stated that there was a significant difference (p0,05). When evaluated the information above, it can be said that like self efficacy-sufficiency concept can be in different levels and different dimension in different areas of life; it is effective on visually-impaired individuals. In this respect, it is considered that this study will open a new window to this area and contribute to the visually-impaired athletes. Besides, it is suggested that a new study on how self efficacy-sufficiency concept is in the visually-impaired athletes and other individuals, and evaluation of how they are affected. In this concept, the general aim of this study is to analyze the levels of self efficacy-sufficiency of visually-impaired athletes.

Highlights

The concept of Self-Efficacy-Sufficiency was first introduced by the famous psychologist Albert Bandura in 1977 within the context of “Cognitive Behavior Change” (Yiğitbaş & Yetkin, 2003)
This study was conducted with the aim of determining self efficacy-sufficiency levels of 60 females, and 127 males, a total of 187, visually impaired individuals
When the literature was reviewed, there are studies suggesting that there is a significant difference in general self-efficacy levels according to gender variable (Brink et al, 2012; Britner & Pajares, 2006; Creed & Patton, 2003; Scholz et al, 2002)

Summary

Introduction

The concept of Self-Efficacy-Sufficiency was first introduced by the famous psychologist Albert Bandura in 1977 within the context of “Cognitive Behavior Change” (Yiğitbaş & Yetkin, 2003). The concept of self-sufficiency is the subject of research in many processes related to education such as learning and performance. Bandura (1986) defined self-efficacy beliefs as judgments about the ability of organizing and presenting actions that enable people to reach a certain performance. Self-sufficiency is the personal belief that an individual can achieve a certain task. Low self-sufficiency feeling results in depression and helplessness feeling.

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Conclusion