Analysis of salivary biomarkers during orthodontic tooth movement with conventional bracket and self-ligating brackets: An in vivo study

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare salivary enzyme levels during orthodontic tooth movement with conventional brackets and self-ligating brackets. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients (15–25 years of age) where 10 patients treated with mechanical biological treatment prescription and 10 patients were treated with Damon prescription requiring after first premolar extraction participated in the study. The canine retraction was started with nickel-titanium (NiTi) coil spring with 0.019 × 0.025” stainless steel wire. Saliva sampling was done after initial alignment before retraction and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after the application of orthodontic force. A volume of 5 ml of unstimulated whole saliva will be collected from the subject for each prescription. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme samples will be analyzed with fully automated clinical chemistry analyzer model TOSHIBA 120R from Agappe Diagnostics. The salivary sample for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) will be analyzed with the enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) technique ELISA. Results and Discussion: During canine retraction with NiTi coil spring the salivary enzyme levels for LDH and TRAP showed a significant difference from baseline to week 5 with Group A (conventional bracket) after the initiation of compressive orthodontic. The salivary enzyme levels for LDH, AST, TRAP, and ALP showed no significant difference from baseline to week 5 with Group B (self-ligating bracket) after the initiation of compressive orthodontic force. When compared between Group A and Group B at different time intervals for LDH, AST, TRAP, and ALP salivary enzyme levels, Group B showed a significant difference. The significant difference was seen with LDH at week 0 to week 2, AST at week 5, and TRAP at week 4, whereas ALP showed no significant difference. A significant difference with Group A was only seen with TRAP enzyme at week 1. Conclusion: The LDH, AST, TRAP, and ALP level in Group A showed a significant increase whereas Group B showed no significant difference after the initiation of orthodontic.