Abstract
We have developed a method for studying the lipid profile of saliva, combining preliminary extraction and IR spectroscopic detection. The case–control study involved patients with a histologically verified diagnosis of breast and prostate cancer and healthy volunteers. The comparison group included patients with non-malignant pathologies of the breast (fibroadenomas) and prostate gland (prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia). Saliva was used as a material for biochemical studies. It has been shown that the lipid profile of saliva depends on gender, and for males it also depends on the age group. In cancer pathologies, the lipid profile changes significantly and also depends on gender and age characteristics. The ratio of 1458/1396 cm−1 for both breast and prostate cancer has a potential diagnostic value. In both cases, this ratio decreases compared to healthy controls. For prostate cancer, the ratio of 2923/2957 cm−1 is also potentially informative, which grows against the background of prostate pathologies. It is noted that, in all cases, changes in the proposed ratios are more pronounced in the early stages of diseases, which increases the relevance of their study in biomedical applications.
Highlights
The attention of researchers to the study of the properties of human saliva as a material with unique properties and diagnostic capabilities has been increasing [1,2,3,4,5]
We have developed a method for the quantitative determination of lipids in saliva, in which, after extraction with a chloroform/ethanol mixture, lipids are determined by IR spectroscopy [37,38]
At the first stage of the study, we tested the hypothesis that the lipid profile of saliva significantly depends on the gender and age of the volunteers
Summary
The attention of researchers to the study of the properties of human saliva as a material with unique properties and diagnostic capabilities has been increasing [1,2,3,4,5]. Modification and increase in the accuracy of lipid determination in most methods is achieved by preliminary extraction and obtaining a transparent solution of lipids for their subsequent enzymatic evaluation [28,29,30]. To remove non-lipid impurities, the lipid extract must be washed with water or weak saline solutions. This leads to a partial loss of acidic lipids, and in some cases contributes to the formation of very stable emulsions. Purification from non-lipid impurities can be avoided by using IR spectroscopy to analyze the obtained extract [33], since absorption bands corresponding to vibrations of lipid functional groups without preliminary sample treatment are not always informative due to the overlap with water absorption bands [34,35,36]
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