Abstract
Background: This study aimed to provide an extensive and up-to-date analysis of running-related injuries (RRI) and analyze a broad range of contributing factors for a large heterogeneous and non-selected running population from Central Europe. Methods: Anthropometric, training, footwear, anatomic malalignment, and injury data from 196 injured runners were assessed case-controlled and retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate regression models were developed to identify associated factors for specific injury locations and diagnoses. Results: The majority of patients were female (56%). Three most frequently observed malalignments included varus knee alignment, pelvic obliquity, and patellar squinting. The most common injuries were the patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), the iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS), patellar tendinopathy, spinal overload, and ankle instability. A number of contributing factors were identified. Previous injury history was a contributing factor for knee injuries and ITBFS. Lower training load was reported with a higher incidence of PFPS, while a higher training load was positively associated with injuries of the lower leg. Runners with a higher body mass index (BMI) were at a significantly higher risk for lower back injuries. Conclusions: Running-related injuries are multifactorial associated with a combination of variables including personal data, training load, anatomic malalignments, and injury history. They can furthermore result from a lack of experience/training as well as from overuse. Suffering a specific RRI of high risk could be defined based on individual predispositions and help to induce appropriate training balance.
Highlights
According to current surveys, running is one of the favorite sports activities across the globe
Since this study aimed to describe injuries in a heterogeneous running population, it was inevitable to use a dependent variable of runners with a specific injury and compare them with a control group of runners who experienced a different injury
While it is impossible to define a one-fits-all formula to reduce the risk for related injuries (RRI) in general, runners at a high risk of a specific injury could be identified based on patient-specific training profile and running gait as well as on pre-existing malalignments, such as scoliosis, patellar squinting, knee malalignments, and/or varus knee and help to induce an appropriate and balanced training adaptation
Summary
According to current surveys, running is one of the favorite sports activities across the globe. While injuries to runners are rarely severe, they can be frequent and persistent requiring medical treatment associated with treatment costs. These facts illustrate the necessity for research on both the epidemiology and contributing factors to running-related injuries. This study aimed to provide an extensive and up-to-date analysis of running-related injuries (RRI) and analyze a broad range of contributing factors for a large heterogeneous and non-selected running population from Central Europe. Conclusions: Running-related injuries are multifactorial associated with a combination of variables including personal data, training load, anatomic malalignments, and injury history. They can result from a lack of experience/training as well as from overuse. Suffering a specific RRI of high risk could be defined based on individual predispositions and help to induce appropriate training balance
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