Analysis of Risk Factors for Recurrent Pneumothorax in Patients after Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax Surgery: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: Recurrent pneumothorax is a prevalent issue following primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) surgery. This study identifies risk factors for PSP recurrence after surgery. Methods: This study included participants who had undergone surgery for PSP at our hospital from February 2021 to February 2024. Relevant demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were collected for each participant, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0 statistical software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Chi-squared tests, t-tests, and binary logistic regression analysis were utilized to assess the associations between risk factors and the likelihood of pneumothorax recurrence. Results: A total of 100 participants who underwent surgery for PSP at a single center were included in the analysis. The participants were 18–39 years old, with 53 participants in the no recurrent pneumothorax group and 47 participants in the recurrent pneumothorax group. No significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics were observed between the two groups. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that c-reactive protein (odds ratio (OR) = 2.144, p < 0.001), white blood cell count (OR = 2.493, p = 0.011), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (OR = 3.031, p < 0.001), and chest tube duration (OR = 9.716, p = 0.010) were independent risk factors for the recurrence of PSP. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the crucial role of postoperative inflammatory response in the recurrence of PSP. Clinicians should monitor and manage these inflammatory markers to optimize postoperative management strategies, reduce recurrence rates, and improve long-term patient outcomes.