Analysis of risk factors for dry eye disease and effect of diquafosol sodium ophthalmic solution on the tear film after vitrectomy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a preliminary study.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of DM associated dry eye syndrome (DMDES) and to explore the effect of diquafosol sodium ophthalmic solution (DQS) on patients with DMDES after vitrectomy. Totally 107 patients (107 eyes) received vitrectomy. The data of age, gender, left/right eye, duration of DM, duration of vitrectomy, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were collected and analyzed for correlation between these factors and DMDES. Postoperatively, DQS was instilled in experimental group and sodium hyaluronate was instilled in control group. The noninvasive breakup time (NIBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), Schirmer I test (SIT), corneal fluorescence staining score (CFSS) and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were recorded before vitrectomy and 1, 2 and 3months after vitrectomy. All data were used for statistical comparison. Gender, duration of DM and glycosylated hemoglobin were relevant factors of DMDES (P < 0.05). At 1, 2 and 3months postoperatively, NIBUT and TMH of experimental group were significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05). Postoperatively, CFSS of experimental group was lower than that before vitrectomy, and CFSS at 2 and 3months after vitrectomy was significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). At 1, 2 and 3months postoperatively, SIT increased in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). OSDI was significantly lower in experimental group at 1, 2 and 3months postoperatively, compared with that of the control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that gender, duration of DM and glycosylated hemoglobin are risk factors for DMDES. Postoperative instillation of DQS can improve the tear film quality in patients with DMDES after vitrectomy.